Education Resource

Pre-visit materials: Ameto Akpe

Nigerian women wash their clothes in the polluted waters of the Benue River. Image by Ameto Akpe. Nigeria, 2011.

Introduction
Ameto Akpe is a Nigerian print journalist for BusinessDay newspaper. She currently serves as the foreign affairs and energy correspondent. Before coming to journalism, Akpe spent a year teaching high school geography in a remote village in southeast Nigeria. Akpe investigates Nigeria's water and sanitation emergency and shows how ordinary Nigerians suffer the impact of a faulty management system while their leaders, often a stone's throw away, enjoy benefits that could be available to all.

Nigeria: Country Information

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. English is the official language; however, three Nigerian languages are widely spoken and the number of total languages is over 400. Nigeria was a British colony until 1966 and the period following colonial rule was marked by corruption, instability and military coups. Military rule ended in 1998 but corruption, instability and internal conflict continue to plague the country.

50 percent of Nigerians are Muslim, 40 percent of Nigerians are Christian, and 10 percent practice indigenous beliefs. Religion plays a large role in Nigerian politics and society, and has been a source of conflict in recent years. Nigeria is also an ethnically diverse country, with between 250 and 400 different ethnic groups, with most Nigerians belonging to one of four major groups.

See PBS Newshour for useful background information on Nigeria.

Video

Article

Nigeria: Waiting for Water in Makurdi

It’s a beautiful sunny afternoon. Queen and her sister Jennifer wash their clothes in the polluted Benue River that flows just a short distance from their home in the Wadatta area, a district in Makurdi, Benue state. Beside them two young girls happily take a bath, giggling and whispering to each other.

A few meters away, upstream, trying to hide behind a mound of rubbish, a young man squats, obviously defecating into the river, a regular practice in a quarter where open defecation is widely practiced because of the lack of adequate facilities. The girls, seemingly unperturbed by all this, happily splash away in the murky waters.

To my dismay, a water seller pulls up to fill up on water from the stream that he will most likely sell to an unsuspecting buyer in the guise that the water was drawn from a well.

In Wadatta, there is no pipe-borne water and sanitary conditions are dismal. Dozens die every year from cholera. This severe intestinal infection, associated with contaminated drinking water or food, causes serious diarrhea and vomiting, leaving young children particularly susceptible to death from dehydration.

Many are routinely rushed to the hospital because of typhoid fever, malaria and other diseases common in these living conditions. Indeed, urban slums are often not properly integrated into plans for municipal water and sanitation provision, a problem many groups have increasingly begun to draw attention to.

A young housewife cries out, “Please tell the government to bring water for us, oh! This year plenty people died of cholera.” Just like many others I encounter, her demands are laced with no anger or desperation, just the plea of another citizen resigned to life as they know it, oblivious to the fact that the leaders she helped put in office "owe" her this right to live in dignity and security.

So a popular indigenous proverb comes alive here: “For many live by the riverside but wash their hands with spittle!”

It is 6 a.m. and the morning finds me accompanying a group of people down the road. Our destination is the only water point in the area open to the public. Kelechi Chukwu a local furniture maker waits to fetch water from the bore hole provided by a small motel in the new GRA district; beside him is a young girl with buckets piled high almost as tall as herself. This is a daily routine--she must fill each bucket and carry it to her home at least a kilometer away. A little boy in his school uniform joins the growing queue.

Chukwu tells me in broken English, “I have lived here for 6 years and water has never run here, I don’t think they even laid pipes here.” Down the street is the expansive home of the deputy governor of the state, a fact I bring to his attention. Does he allow you to come fetch water at his house or have any of gone to demand he intervene?

He looks at me as if gauging whether I was joking or crazy. “How can we go and knock at the deputy governor’s house?” he asks incredulously. “Apart from that if we wake up, we eat, bathe, go to work, come back tired and worried about tomorrow, we don’t have time to confront our leaders.” A group of young men listening to our discussion shout out, “It’s every man for himself, oh!”

And I think just maybe this apparently prevailing attitude is the rationale that keeps the majority from moving forward, from holding our leaders responsible. Or perhaps they just don’t know they can have more, that they deserve better.

The town waits for the commissioning of the greater Makurdi water works, an impressive facility by many standards. However, enthusiasm has waned because while the water works are nearing completion, the government has still not awarded the contract for pipes to get the water from the plant to the people. One resident compared the situation to the savor of a freshly cooked meal.

“We can perceive the aroma of the food but we know we will not be served. Every administration comes with promises yet they all leave us thirstier than the last. We can only hope this time will be different.”

More articles

Nigeria: Waiting for Water on the Banks of the Benue

Presidential Fanfare for Makurdi, But Still No Water

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