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China: Environmental Refugees

Mrs Ma, an 'environmental refugee' who moved from the dry mountainous Guyuan area 2 years ago. In her restaurant, the idylic poster which hangs on the wall, reflects her optimism for the future of the town. Hongsibao, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. Image by Sean Gallagher. China, 2009.

A small duststorm hangs over a road on the outskirts of the town. Hongsibao, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. Image by Sean Gallagher. China, 2009.

The relocation of families from the countryside to the town has provided access to school for hundreds of children. Hongsibao, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. Image by Sean Gallagher. China, 2009.

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is a small province lying in Loess highlands of north-central China. Dry and desert-like, it is China's poorest province and is the least visited by outsiders.

I am here this week to visit the isolated town of Hongsibao, which lies 150km south of the province's capital Yinchuan, completely surrounded by dry and arid land. Ten years ago, this town didn't exist.

At a cost of more than 2 billion Chinese Renminbi, the town has been constructed, literally on top of the desert. Officially titled the 'Hongsibao Development Zone Poverty Reduction Project', some 200,000 people have been relocated from local mountainous areas, suffering as a result of the harsh, dry climes of Ningxia province.

"We've already been here three years", says Mrs Li a young storeowner in the center of town. "We moved from Guyuan in the mountains, in southern Ningxia. Some people left the mountain area but some people didn't want to move. I think life now is much better than before in the mountains because I only had a field, but now I have a small business to earn some money."

Even though construction has been taking place for 10 years, the town is still clearly developing and for some, isn't providing the opportunities promised. "I thought there would be more business here", says Mr Gao, a taxi driver in Hongsibao who voluntarily moved to the area from neighbouring Shanxi province. "I came here to earn some money but I found that it's not so good. I want to sell my car and go back home."

As the wind rattles across the wide boulevards that criss-cross the town, dust and sand is readily picked up from the surrounding deserts and blankets the town during the spring. "In March, the winds start to blow", sighs Mrs Ma who owns a small Muslim restaurant in the centre of town. "When the wind is blowing, you can't really see anything. It is the same every year.

Having spoken to many people in the town, it appears that the general feelings towards relocation have been positive. People speak of the improvements in their lives, especially those moved from the poorer mountainous areas. Hongsibao still clearly faces many challenges however, in both it's development and tackling of it's harsh and unforgiving location.

"This town isn't perfect at the moment", says Mrs Ma, as she turns over another batch of lamb kebabs outside her small restaurant. "Considering the development to now though, after a few years, this town will be very good."